Age Spots

Age spots, also referred to as sunspots, liver spots, or solar lentigines, are flat, brown or tan patches of skin that develop due to long-term UV exposure.

They occur when melanocytes (i.e. the cells responsible for producing skin pigment) become overactive, leading to localised pigment accumulation. Unlike freckles, which can fade naturally, age spots tend to persist and darken over time because the pigment sits deeper in the skin and skin cell turnover slows with age.

They typically present as evenly pigmented, flat patches that vary in size and are most visible on sun-exposed areas. While harmless, age spots are often an aesthetic concern and may indicate cumulative sun damage, which can accelerate skin ageing.

Each patient may have different contributing factors, but the main causes of age spots generally include:

1. Cumulative Sun Exposure
UV radiation is the primary driver of age spots. UVB rays stimulate melanin production, leading to pigmentation, while UVA rays penetrate deeper layers, causing oxidative stress and chronic melanocyte activation. Over time, this results in visible clusters of pigment. Sun damage also thins the skin, making pigment more noticeable.

2. Genetics
Some individuals are genetically predisposed to develop age spots earlier due to naturally more active melanocytes or a propensity for photo-ageing.

3. Hormonal Factors
Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menopause, can make melanocytes more sensitive to UV, increasing the likelihood of age spot formation.

4. Environmental Stressors
Pollution, heat exposure, and chronic skin inflammation contribute to oxidative stress, which accelerates pigment accumulation and uneven skin tone.

5. Ageing and Slower Skin Renewal
As the skin ages, cell turnover slows, and damaged pigment is not shed efficiently. This allows age spots to accumulate and persist longer.

Preventing age spots requires a combination of sun protection, active skincare, and lifestyle considerations.

1. Consistent Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen
Daily use of SPF 30 or higher is essential, even on cloudy days. Apply to all exposed areas, including the face, hands, neck, chest, and ears. Reapply every two hours during prolonged sun exposure.

For enhanced protection, look for formulas that combine UVA/UVB filters with antioxidants such as vitamin C or green tea extracts.

2. Antioxidant Skincare
Antioxidants help neutralise free radicals produced by UV exposure. Incorporating serums or moisturisers with vitamin C, niacinamide, or ferulic acid can reduce early pigmentation and support overall skin health.

3. Early Intervention
Start treating pigment at its earliest stages with retinoids, brightening serums, and mild chemical peels. This prevents spots from becoming darker and more stubborn.

4. Protective Habits
Avoid direct sun during peak hours (11 am to 3 pm), wear wide-brimmed hats and protective clothing, and be mindful of chronic exposure on the hands and forearms.

5. Lifestyle Support
Adequate hydration, antioxidant-rich nutrition, good sleep, and avoiding smoking all support skin repair mechanisms, reducing the likelihood of age spot formation.

While professional treatments are most effective, home remedies can complement clinical care:

• Lemon and Honey Mask: Mild natural exfoliation with antioxidant support. Apply twice weekly.
• Green Tea Compress: Cools and soothes, delivering polyphenols to reduce oxidative stress.
• Yoghurt and Oat Scrub: Gentle lactic acid exfoliation improves skin renewal.
• Aloe Vera Gel: Contains aloesin to help regulate pigment formation.
• Turmeric Paste: Anti-inflammatory properties support even skin tone; mix with yoghurt and apply weekly.

These remedies support skin brightness and overall health, though they are not a substitute for professional treatment for deeper pigmentation.

Professional treatments provide targeted, clinically effective solutions to reduce and prevent age spots.

1. Medical-Grade Skincare

A foundation of medical-grade skincare is crucial. These products use clinically validated actives at higher concentrations than over-the-counter options. Ingredients such as retinoids, vitamin C, niacinamide, and azelaic acid accelerate cell turnover, lighten pigmentation, and restore skin clarity. Consistent use strengthens the skin barrier and provides ongoing protection against new spots.

2. Chemical Skin Peels

Peels remove damaged outer layers of skin and stimulate regeneration. AHA peels are ideal for mild pigmentation and brightening, while TCA peels penetrate deeper, effectively treating stubborn spots and improving texture. Peels can be customised to suit individual skin types and degrees of sun damage.

3. IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) Therapy

IPL uses pulses of broad-spectrum light to target brown pigment, breaking it down so the body can remove it naturally. It is particularly effective for sun-induced pigmentation and offers the benefit of minimal downtime, leaving skin brighter and more even in tone.

4. Laser Skin Rejuvenation

Fractional lasers, such as non-ablative or ablative CO₂ lasers, penetrate deeper layers to resurface damaged tissue, stimulate collagen, and reduce persistent pigment. Laser treatments are highly effective for stubborn age spots, uneven tone, and signs of chronic sun damage. Some downtime is expected, and treatment should be tailored to skin type to reduce risk of pigmentation changes.

5. Skin Boosters

While not directly targeting pigment, skin boosters improve hydration, texture, and overall skin health, enhancing the results of other treatments. Well-hydrated skin reflects light better, making pigmentation less noticeable and supporting healthy skin repair.

• Age spots result from long-term sun exposure, genetics, and ageing.
• Daily sunscreen and antioxidant skincare are essential preventive measures.
• Medical-grade products and chemical peels offer gradual, effective pigment correction.
• IPL and fractional lasers provide targeted, long-lasting results for stubborn spots.
• Combining professional treatments with supportive home care maximises clarity and skin health.

At Dr Hass Clinic, we specialise in personalised pigmentation management. We assess skin type, sun exposure history, and age spot characteristics to design a tailored plan combining medical-grade skincare, chemical peels, IPL or laser therapy, and supportive treatments. Our goal is to help you achieve clearer, brighter, and healthier skin, restoring confidence and a radiant complexion.